The Establishment of the African Union Support Mission in Somalia: An Overview of Resolution 2767 (2024)

The Transition to AUSSOM

The transition from the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) to the African Union Support and Stabilisation Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM) marks a critical juncture in Somalia’s security landscape. Approved as part of Resolution 2767 (2024), this shift reflects the African Union’s (AU) commitment to enhancing Somalia’s national security capabilities while fostering a sustained environment of stability. The transformation entails a gradual handover of responsibilities from international peacekeeping forces to Somali security entities, emphasizing the importance of local leadership in maintaining peace and security.

Since 2022, ATMIS personnel have operated under challenging conditions, providing essential support for Somalia’s evolving security needs. However, as the country moves towards gaining full ownership of its security architecture, Somali security forces are expected to assume an increasingly proactive role. This transition is not merely administrative; it embodies a strategic shift towards empowering local forces to protect and stabilize their country effectively. It is crucial for Somali security forces to enhance their operational capabilities, training, and intelligence gathering to fulfill these responsibilities effectively.

The established timeframe for this transition is vital for its success, as it allows for the systematic reduction of ATMIS presence while bolstering Somali forces’ competencies. It is anticipated that the operational implications of this change will involve a phased withdrawal of ATMIS troops alongside intensified efforts to train and equip Somali forces. This collaborative approach aims to ensure that the transition does not compromise security but rather strengthens it, thereby paving the way for Somalia’s long-term stability and resilience. The transition to AUSSOM is therefore an essential milestone toward a more secure and self-reliant Somalia, addressing both immediate security challenges and longer-term developmental goals.

Resolution 2767: Key Provisions and Objectives

Resolution 2767, adopted by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) on March 2, 2024, represents a pivotal moment in international efforts to stabilize Somalia amid ongoing conflicts exacerbated by groups such as Al-Shabaab and ISIL affiliates. The resolution garnered substantial support, with a significant majority of UNSC member states voting in favor, highlighting a collective acknowledgment of the urgent need for effective intervention in the Horn of Africa. This underscores the international community’s commitment to enhancing Somalia’s security framework.

One of the primary objectives of Resolution 2767 is to authorize troop deployments by African Union (AU) member states under the umbrella of the African Union Support Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM). This mission specifically aims to bolster the capabilities of the Somali federal government, enhancing its ability to combat extremist threats that threaten the region’s stability. The authorized contingent will not only focus on direct military engagement with insurgents but also facilitate training and capacity building within Somali security forces, aiming for a holistic approach to counter-terrorism.

Additionally, the resolution outlines clear guidelines on the operational guidelines and the rules of engagement for the deployed forces. Troops are instructed to maintain a stance of neutrality while engaging in combat operations, reinforcing the mission’s alignment with international humanitarian laws. AUSSOM will also be expected to collaborate with local communities to increase intelligence-sharing and create pathways for deradicalization, a critical component in safeguarding the long-term peace and socio-economic development of Somalia.

By establishing a robust mandate through Resolution 2767, the UNSC aims to empower the African Union’s role in addressing the multifaceted challenges in Somalia, ultimately working toward a secure and sovereign state capable of resisting external threats and fostering regional stability.

Financing the AUSSOM Mission: The Hybrid Model

The establishment of the African Union Support Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM) necessitates a comprehensive funding approach, which is encapsulated in the hybrid financing model proposed in Resolution 2767 (2024). This model aims to ensure that financial resources are adequately sourced to support the mission over its operational lifespan. The hybrid model diversifies funding sources by combining contributions from the United Nations, African Union, and additional partners, creating a robust financial framework for AUSSOM.

Historically, the funding for peacekeeping operations has often been dominated by United Nations mandates, with countries contributing to assessed budgets. However, the hybrid model for AUSSOM introduces a more flexible mechanism intended to ease financial burdens on both the UN and AU. The model outlines specific percentages that regional and international partners will contribute, which has spurred discussions about the sustainability and effectiveness of the proposed funding structure. These debates highlight the need for enhanced collaboration among different entities to meet the financial needs pertinent to AUSSOM’s comprehensive operational goals.

Furthermore, sustainable financing is of utmost importance for the success of the AUSSOM mission. To achieve its objectives, the mission must secure reliable and predictable funding that can adapt to changing circumstances on the ground. The alignment of contributions from diverse stakeholders not only supports operational needs but also fosters a sense of ownership and accountability among participating nations. By addressing the financing concerns, the hybrid model serves as a potential blueprint for future missions that require collaborative efforts between national and international entities, ultimately aiming for stability and peace in Somalia.

Responses and Implications of the Resolution

The adoption of Resolution 2767 (2024) has elicited a multifaceted array of responses from member states, reflecting diverse perspectives on the mission and its broader implications for security in Somalia. The Somali government has expressed cautious optimism regarding the resolution, viewing it as a vital step toward enhancing national security and stability. The commitment of the African Union (AU) to support the country’s security transition signals an acknowledgment of the existing challenges faced by Somali forces and the importance of international cooperation in fostering peace.

Conversely, some AU member nations have raised concerns over the adequacy of resources allocated for this mission. The disparity in funding has been a significant point of contention, as various states debate the financial responsibilities entailed in the deployment of peacekeeping forces. Discussions among Security Council delegates emphasize the need for a more substantial and equitable funding mechanism that can sustain military and civilian operations in the region. Without the necessary financial support, the mission risks falling short of its objectives, potentially jeopardizing progress made thus far.

Furthermore, there is a consensus among some member states regarding the urgency of transitioning military responsibilities to Somali forces. The resolution outlines specific benchmarks and timelines for this transition, which some nations fear may be overly ambitious. Critics argue that a premature handover could undermine security gains, especially in areas where insurgent groups remain active. Stakeholders emphasize that capacity-building initiatives and extensive training for Somali forces are imperative to ensure a successful transition without compromising the gains in stability.

In light of these varied responses, the implications for the mission’s implementation are profound. The collective commitment of AU member states, alongside the support from the UN Security Council, will be crucial in addressing the concerns surrounding funding and transition processes, ultimately determining the effectiveness of the African Union Support Mission in Somalia.